Name	Tags	Short Description
Big data	AI Industry Terms data	Extremely large data sets — usually used for analysis and even Machine learning
Data governance	Industry Terms data	How entities might control, or govern, data; e.g. an organisation might govern it's data by choosing to never sell it.
Data ownership	Industry Terms data	The idea of owning data became popularised after the GDPR came into effect — it's a misleading idea, because no one can really 'own' data, but they can have unfettered access to it.
Data portability	GDPR Industry Terms data	The ability to move data between apps and services freely, ideally in a standardised format. E.g. take all of your data out of Spotify, and put it into another music streaming service.
Data stewards	Industry Terms data	Individuals who work within some kind of Data trust model and are responsible for ensuring the data fed into the trust is used for the right things.
Data trust	Industry Terms data	An institution who's sole purpose is to store data, and make it accessible for those who want to use it. E.g. to do research, to build an app, etc.
Personal data	data	A term with open interpretation: usually refers to data that identifies you in some way such as your name, age, or address. Biometrics could even fall under this
Biometrics	Security Tracking & Surveillance data	Data captured from your physical body. E.g. finger print, iris, gait, eye movement, posture, facial expressions, your face itself.
Encryption	Security	The method used to keep information secure: if you're sending data over the internet, encryption ensures that only you and the recipient of the data can access it.
Hashing	Security	Disguising a piece of data with a string of random characters — the most common way of storing passwords
Two-factor authentication	Security	Using two 'factors' to verify who you are, where a factor is either something you have, something you are, or something you know. E.g. you have your phone, you know your password, you are your fingerprint.
Bluetooth beacons	Tracking & Surveillance	Low-energy beacons that can be placed in public spaces such as museums and airports, and transmit/receive data to and from personal devices such as your phone.
Cookies	GDPR Tracking & Surveillance	Small bits of information that get stored in your browser as you surf the web. Can be used for things like remembering what's in your shopping basket to tracking your browsing behaviours.
Device fingerprinting	Tracking & Surveillance	The act of recording device information such as hardware, operating system, browser type, and installed fonts to create a kind of 'user profile' out of data that would otherwise be anonymised.
Facebook pixel	Tracking & Surveillance	Facebook 'loads a pixel' onto any website that uses this, and therefore Facebook can see that you have visited any site with the Facebook pixel on it (which is many).
Real time bidding	Tracking & Surveillance	Procedurally loaded ads: in the milliseconds it takes to load a webpage, Ad networks will find adverts based on your Advertising profile , and show them on the page.
Targeted advertising	Tracking & Surveillance	Using data about you, very often Behavioural data, to show you ads for products you're most likely to want/be told that you need.
Facial recognition	AI Tracking & Surveillance	The act of using your face as your identifier, like using your face to unlock your phone
Federated learning	AI	A Machine learning technique done across many devices: the algorithm learns from the local data on each device, without sharing that data between devices or to some central server
Machine learning	AI	The branch of AI where you teach a machine by feeding it data: e.g. a Twitter bot produces tweets that look and sound like yours by analysing your existing tweets.
Rekognition	AI Tools	Amazon's controversial Facial recognition software used in smart doorbells and police departments in the USA. Hass been used to build up a database of suspicious people.
Inferred data	AI Tracking & Surveillance data	Data about a person that is entirely synthetic — it is information that exists based on conclusions drawn from data that already exists about a person, or people similar to that person.
Behavioural data	Industry Terms Tracking & Surveillance	Data gathered based on someone's behaviours, such as where they usually go, watch stuff they like to watch on TV. This is usually used to predict behaviour and make better Targeted advertising
Active consent	GDPR Industry Terms	The explicit act of saying yes or no to something, for instance by checking a box and clicking 'save', or simply by clicking a button that clearly says 'yes'.
Data controller	GDPR Industry Terms	The entity or organisation who actually collects, and then controls your data. E.g. if you fill in a form on Company X's website, Company X are the controller of that data.
Data processing	GDPR Industry Terms	What is done with data after it's collected — the Data controller could store it somewhere, analyse it, or send it to any number of third-parties.
Data subject	GDPR Industry Terms	The user of a website or app — the person who's data is being collected by a Data controller
ePrivacy Regulation	Industry Terms Regulations	This regulation will replace the ePrivacy Directive. The ePrivacy Regulation is still in draft mode, with no confirmed date for it to come into effect. It will provide comprehensive cookie legislation which will compliment current rules set out by the GDPR
GDPR	GDPR Industry Terms Regulations	The General Data Protection Regulation: came into effect on the 25th of May 2018. Protects the data of European citizens by creating rules on what organisations are allowed to do with user data, and giving users more Data Rights
Subject access request	GDPR Industry Terms	Where a user (or Data subject ) makes a request to an organisation to exercise one or more of their Data Rights . E.g. you could email Deliveroo and ask them to delete every piece of data they have about you.
Data Rights	Industry Terms data	Usually referring to the rights Data subjects have over the data they produce, such as being able to delete or change it.
Surveillance Capitalism	Industry Terms	Term coined by Shoshana Zuboff , meaning the commodification of our private experiences and the data we produce. This is perpetuated by free online services: when the product is free, you are the product.
Ad network	Industry Terms Tracking & Surveillance	Broadly, the platform which connect advertisers with people who want to show adverts. Ad profiles have the data and resources to know which ads should be shown to which people (ad targeting). Google and Facebook are ad networks.
Advertising profile	Industry Terms Tracking & Surveillance	A profile of information built up about different kinds of users — like demographics, but more detailed and segmented. This information is used to understand what kind of ads to show people. E.g. user X who fits this ad profile, should be shown advert Y.
CCPA	Regulations	The California Consumer Privacy Act. Goes into effect on 1st January 2020 and affords Californians new data rights that no other US citizens have.
BIPA	Regulations	Biometric Information Privacy Act. An Illinois state law that regulates the use of Biometrics .
Act to Protect the Privacy of Online Consumer Information	Regulations	This is a privacy regulation imposed by the US state of Maine. It prohibits internet service providers from using or selling the personal data of its users. In their case 'personal data' means identifying information, and other data such as browsing and geolocation. Read full text.
Nevada Senate Bill 220	Regulations	Signed into law on 19th of May 2019, this bill states that consumers within Nevada are protected from the sale of their data by websites they visit. So if a site collects personal details, such as a social security number, they will not be allowed to sell that on to someone else.
Jeff Bezos	People	CEO of Amazon
Mark Zuckerberg	People	CEO of Facebook
Shoshana Zuboff	People	Author of The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, a book outlining the effects of the now well-established models of digitally tracking our behaviours.
Sundar Pichai	People	CEO of Google
Tim Cook	People	CEO of Apple
Cambridge Analytica	Organisations	Cambridge Analytica was a political consulting firm, made famous by a scandal in which the company harvested personal data from millions of Facebook profiles, without any knowledge or consent from Facebook users. This scandal was key in bringing data privacy concerns into the public consciousness.
Brandwatch	Organisations	Brandwatch are a consumer insights company that recently merged with Crimson Hexagon. Both of these companies do something very similar to what Cambridge Analytica did: they look at social media data, and use it to help brands advertise.
EFF	Organisations	The Electronic Frontier Foundation are a non-profit organisation who seek to protect user data, and illuminate issues within data privacy. They made Pirvacy badger.
Palantir	Organisations data	A big data analytics platform. Considered somewhat controversial because of how powerful their tools are. Their tools are used to develop intelligence for CIA, for example.
The IAB	Organisations	The Internet Advertising Bureau are the body which dictates the standards of online advertising. They essentially provide frameworks for publishing online ads, such as Real time bidding
The ICO	Organisations	The Information Commissioners Office are the UK's enforcement body for the GDPR. They provide guidelines for GDPR compliance, and are responsible for finding those who are found to be in breech of regulation.
The ODI	Organisations	The Open Data Institute are a non-profit organisation who champion the use of Data trusts models to help companies and governments do more with data in an ethical way.
The Open Rights Group	Organisations	A non-profit organisation established to protect the digital rights of UK citizens.
The Panoptykon Society	Organisations	A non-profit organisation set up to protect people's right to privacy.
Pirvacy badger	Tools	blah blah
Panoptoclick	Tools	A research tool made by EFF. Will scan your browser and see how susceptible you are to Device fingerprinting. Try it here
Hyperface	AI Tools	https://ahprojects.com/hyperface/ (facial recognition obfuscation)
Jumbo	Tools	Privacy tool for consumers. Does things like automatically delete your tweets after a certain length of time. Get it here
Trackthis.link	Tools	https://trackthis.link/
GovLab	Organisations data	GovLab have created a platform called Data Collaboratives, where companies can share data on an open exchange in order to open up access so that more people and organisations can get use out of data.